Physical Constants

General Constants

Universal Constants

Quantity Symbol Value

Speed of light in vacuum

Permeability of free space $\mu _{0}$

Permittivity of free space * $\epsilon _{0}$

Gravitation constant

Planck's constant

in electron volts *

$\ h/2\pi$ $\hbar$

in electron volts *

Planck mass * $m_{P}$

Planck length * $l_{P}$

Planck time * $t_{P}$

Electromagnetic Constants

Electron charge

e over h

Magnetic flux quantum * $\Phi _{0}$

Josephson frequency-voltage ratio

quantized Hall conductance $e^{2}/h$

quantized Hall resistance * $R_{H}$

Bohr magneton $\mu _{B}$

in electron volts

in hertz

in wavenumbers

in kelvins

Nuclear magneton $\mu _{N}$

in electron volts

in hertz

in wavenumbers

in kelvins

Atomic Constants

Fine-structure constant * $\alpha$

Inverse fine-structure constant $\alpha ^{-1}$

Rydberg constant $R_{\infty }$

in hertz

in joules

in electron volts

Bohr radius * $a_{0}$

Hartree energy $E_{h}$

in electron volts

Quantum of circulation $h/2m_{e}$

$h/m_{e}$

Electron

Electron mass $m_{e}$

in electron volts

Electron-muon mass ratio $m_{e}/m_{\mu }$

Electron-proton mass ratio $m_{e}/m_{p}$

Electron-deuteron mass ratio $m_{e}/m_{d}$

Electron- $\alpha$ -particle ratio $m_{e}/m_{\alpha }$

Electron specific charge $-e/m_{e}$

Electron molar mass , $M_{e}$

Compton wavelength $\lambda _{C}$

Classical electron radius $r_{e}$

Thomson cross section * $\sigma _{e}$

Electron magnetic moment $\mu _{e}$

in Bohr magnetons $\mu _{e}/\mu _{B}$

in nuclear magnetons $\mu _{e}/\mu _{N}$

Electron magnetic moment anomaly * $a_{e}$

Electron g-factor * $g_{e}$

Electron-muon magnetic moment ratio

Electron-proton magnetic moment ratio $\mu _{e}/\mu _{p}$

Muon

Muon mass $m_{\mu }$

in electron volts *

Muon-electron mass ratio $m_{\mu }/m_{e}$

Muon molar mass , $M_{\mu }$

Muon magnetic moment $\mu _{\mu }$

in Bohr magnetons

in nuclear magnetons

Muon magnetic moment anomaly * $a_{\mu }$

Muon g-factor * $g_{\mu }$

Muon-proton magnetic moment ratio

Proton

Proton mass $m_{p}$

in electron volts *

Proton-electron mass ratio $m_{p}/m_{e}$

Proton-muon mass ratio $m_{p}/m_{\mu }$

Proton specific charge $e/m_{p}$

Proton molar mass $M\left( p\right)$ , $M_{p}$

Proton Compton wavelength * $\lambda _{C,p}$

Proton magnetic moment $\mu _{p}$

in Bohr magnetons $\mu _{p}/\mu _{B}$

in nuclear magnetons $\mu _{p}/\mu _{N}$

Diamagnetic shielding correction *

Shielded proton moment * $\mu _{p}^{\prime }$

in Bohr magnetons

in nuclear magnetons

Proton gyromagnetic ratio $\gamma _{p}$

$\gamma _{p}/2\pi$

uncorrected *

Neutron

Neutron mass $m_{n}$

in electron volts *

Neutron-electron mass ratio $m_{n}/m_{e}$

Neutron-proton mass ratio $m_{n}/m_{p}$

Neutron molar mass $M\left( n\right)$ , $M_{n}$

Neutron Compton wavelength * $\lambda _{C,n}$

Neutron magnetic moment $\mu _{n}$

in Bohr magnetons $\mu _{n}/\mu _{B}$

in nuclear magnetons $\mu _{n}/\mu _{N}$

Neutron-electron magnetic moment ratio $\mu _{n}/\mu _{e}$

Neutron-proton magnetic moment ratio $\mu _{n}/\mu _{p}$

Deuteron

Deuteron mass $m_{d}$

in electron volts

Deuteron-electron mass ratio $m_{d}/m_{e}$

Deuteron-proton mass ratio $m_{d}/m_{p}$

Deuteron molar mass $M\left( d\right)$ , $M_{d}$

Deuteron magnetic moment $\mu _{d}$

in Bohr magnetons $\mu _{d}/\mu _{B}$

in nuclear magnetons $\mu _{d}/\mu _{N}$

Deuteron-electron magnetic moment ratio $\mu _{d}/\mu _{e}$

Deuteron-proton magnetic moment ratio $\mu _{d}/\mu _{p}$

Physico-Chemical Constants

Avogadro's number $N_{A}$

Avogadro constant

Atomic mass constant * $m_{u}$

in electron volts *

Faraday constant

Molar Planck constant $N_{A}h$

$N_{A}hc$

Molar gas constant

Boltzmann constant

in electron volts

in hertz

in wavenumbers

Molar volume (ideal gas) * $V_{m}$

Loschmidt constant 101325 Pa * $n_{0}$

100 kPa * $V_{m}$

Sackur-Tetrode constant 100 kPa * $S_{0}/R$

Sackur-Tetrode constant 101325 Pa *

Stefan-Boltzmann constant $\sigma$

First radiation constant $c_{1}$

Second radiation constant $c_{2}$

Wien displacement law constant

Coulomb force constant $k_{0}$

Permeability constant $\mu _{0}/4\pi$

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Speed of light in vacuum
Permeability of free space	$\mu _{0}$
Permittivity of free space *	$\epsilon _{0}$
Gravitation constant
Planck's constant
in electron volts *
$\ h/2\pi$	$\hbar$
in electron volts *
Planck mass *	$m_{P}$
Planck length *	$l_{P}$
Planck time *	$t_{P}$


Electron charge
e over h
Magnetic flux quantum *	$\Phi _{0}$
Josephson frequency-voltage ratio
quantized Hall conductance	$e^{2}/h$
quantized Hall resistance *	$R_{H}$
Bohr magneton	$\mu _{B}$
in electron volts
in hertz
in wavenumbers
in kelvins
Nuclear magneton	$\mu _{N}$
in electron volts
in hertz
in wavenumbers
in kelvins


Fine-structure constant *	$\alpha$
Inverse fine-structure constant	$\alpha ^{-1}$
Rydberg constant	$R_{\infty }$
in hertz
in joules
in electron volts
Bohr radius *	$a_{0}$
Hartree energy	$E_{h}$
in electron volts
Quantum of circulation	$h/2m_{e}$
	$h/m_{e}$


Electron mass	$m_{e}$
in electron volts
Electron-muon mass ratio	$m_{e}/m_{\mu }$
Electron-proton mass ratio	$m_{e}/m_{p}$
Electron-deuteron mass ratio	$m_{e}/m_{d}$
Electron- $\alpha$ -particle ratio	$m_{e}/m_{\alpha }$
Electron specific charge	$-e/m_{e}$
Electron molar mass	, $M_{e}$
Compton wavelength	$\lambda _{C}$

Classical electron radius	$r_{e}$
Thomson cross section *	$\sigma _{e}$
Electron magnetic moment	$\mu _{e}$
in Bohr magnetons	$\mu _{e}/\mu _{B}$
in nuclear magnetons	$\mu _{e}/\mu _{N}$
Electron magnetic moment anomaly *	$a_{e}$
Electron g-factor *	$g_{e}$
Electron-muon magnetic moment ratio
Electron-proton magnetic moment ratio	$\mu _{e}/\mu _{p}$


Muon mass	$m_{\mu }$
in electron volts *
Muon-electron mass ratio	$m_{\mu }/m_{e}$
Muon molar mass	, $M_{\mu }$
Muon magnetic moment	$\mu _{\mu }$
in Bohr magnetons
in nuclear magnetons
Muon magnetic moment anomaly *	$a_{\mu }$
Muon g-factor *	$g_{\mu }$
Muon-proton magnetic moment ratio


Proton mass	$m_{p}$
in electron volts *
Proton-electron mass ratio	$m_{p}/m_{e}$
Proton-muon mass ratio	$m_{p}/m_{\mu }$
Proton specific charge	$e/m_{p}$
Proton molar mass	$M\left( p\right)$ , $M_{p}$
Proton Compton wavelength *	$\lambda _{C,p}$

Proton magnetic moment	$\mu _{p}$
in Bohr magnetons	$\mu _{p}/\mu _{B}$
in nuclear magnetons	$\mu _{p}/\mu _{N}$
Diamagnetic shielding correction *
Shielded proton moment *	$\mu _{p}^{\prime }$
in Bohr magnetons
in nuclear magnetons
Proton gyromagnetic ratio	$\gamma _{p}$
	$\gamma _{p}/2\pi$
uncorrected *


Neutron mass	$m_{n}$
in electron volts *
Neutron-electron mass ratio	$m_{n}/m_{e}$
Neutron-proton mass ratio	$m_{n}/m_{p}$
Neutron molar mass	$M\left( n\right)$ , $M_{n}$
Neutron Compton wavelength *	$\lambda _{C,n}$

Neutron magnetic moment	$\mu _{n}$
in Bohr magnetons	$\mu _{n}/\mu _{B}$
in nuclear magnetons	$\mu _{n}/\mu _{N}$
Neutron-electron magnetic moment ratio	$\mu _{n}/\mu _{e}$
Neutron-proton magnetic moment ratio	$\mu _{n}/\mu _{p}$


Deuteron mass	$m_{d}$
in electron volts
Deuteron-electron mass ratio	$m_{d}/m_{e}$
Deuteron-proton mass ratio	$m_{d}/m_{p}$
Deuteron molar mass	$M\left( d\right)$ , $M_{d}$
Deuteron magnetic moment	$\mu _{d}$
in Bohr magnetons	$\mu _{d}/\mu _{B}$
in nuclear magnetons	$\mu _{d}/\mu _{N}$
Deuteron-electron magnetic moment ratio	$\mu _{d}/\mu _{e}$
Deuteron-proton magnetic moment ratio	$\mu _{d}/\mu _{p}$


Avogadro's number	$N_{A}$
Avogadro constant
Atomic mass constant *	$m_{u}$
in electron volts *
Faraday constant
Molar Planck constant	$N_{A}h$
	$N_{A}hc$
Molar gas constant
Boltzmann constant
in electron volts
in hertz
in wavenumbers
Molar volume (ideal gas) *	$V_{m}$
Loschmidt constant 101325 Pa *	$n_{0}$
100 kPa *	$V_{m}$
Sackur-Tetrode constant 100 kPa *	$S_{0}/R$
Sackur-Tetrode constant 101325 Pa *
Stefan-Boltzmann constant	$\sigma$
First radiation constant	$c_{1}$
Second radiation constant	$c_{2}$
Wien displacement law constant
Coulomb force constant	$k_{0}$
Permeability constant	$\mu _{0}/4\pi$